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Dry eye is a collection of symptoms that make up an eye condition that stems from an imbalance in the quantity or quality of tears bathing the eye. These symptoms include dry, red, gritty, and even watery eyes. Often, dry eye sufferers report the feeling of something foreign within the eye or eyestrain. Some people do not produce enough tears to keep the eye comfortable. The balance of tear production and tear loss [through drainage and evaporation] maintains the moisture level in the eyes. When this balance is not sustained, dry spots appear on the surface of the eye and cause irritation. A healthy eye constantly produces tears that lubricate. Excessive tears occur when a foreign body irritates the eye or when a person cries. many different things cause dry eye syndrome. The normal aging of tear glands, as well as specific diseases and disorders, may cause changes in the amount and condition of tears produced. Decreased sensitivity of the cornea can also lead to insufficient production of tears. Some types of contact lens wear can bring on this lack of sensitivity. Excessive evaporation of tears can also cause dry eye syndrome. Such evaporation may be caused by meibomitis, which results from infection and inflammation of the meibomian glands in the eyelids. People with unusually large eyes, as well as those who suffer from thyroid disease, may also experience dry eye syndrome caused by excessive evaporation. Dry eye can also result from unusual facial anatomy or irregularities in the cornea, resulting in uneven or inadequate tear coverage of the eye. Some patients suffer from dry eye as a result of medications such as antibiotics, antihistamines, diuretics, and anti-diarrheals, which can dry up the mucous membranes. Hormonal changes can also affect secretions from the tear glands. Since these medications are often necessary, the dry eye condition may have to be tolerated or treated with "artificial tears." people with dry eye are often more prone to the toxic side effects of eye medications, including artificial tears. Special preservative-free artificial tears may be required. Depending on the causes, dry eye syndrome can be treated as a temporary problem or a lifelong disease requiring long-term treatment. Either way, artificial tears must be conserved or replaced in order to provide relief.
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